As groundwater levels plunge, Lahore begins turning off taps

Five mornings a week, Saima Azeem helps her children wash and prepare for school. But this week has been different: She has had to use her few bottles of drinking water to get them ready.

“It’s been a difficult morning. I’ll have to schedule my chores according to the new water supply timing,” the mother of four told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

Faced with fast-depleting groundwater supplies, Lahore — Pakistan’s second biggest city — this week began rationing water and instituting a range of new conservation measures.

Lahore relies on groundwater to fill its taps but groundwater levels are now falling at a rate of about 2.5 to 3 feet (0.7 to 0.9 meters) a year, according to WWF-Pakistan.

The water table in the center of the city is now 130 feet (40 meters) down and is expected to fall below 230 feet (70 meters) by 2025, WWF researchers noted in 2017.

“If the trend continues the situation will become even worse by 2040,” they predicted.

To try to avoid a crisis, Lahore’s Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) on Tuesday began turning off the city’s 700,000 water connections 12 out of each 24 hours.

Users will now get water only from approximately 4 am to 9 am, noon to 2 pm and 5 pm to 10 pm, officials said.

The water agency also increased water tariffs by about 20 per cent for households and about 400 per cent for commercial users.

Previously, water prices had been frozen since 2004.
Car wash crackdown

The water agency also has disconnected the water supply to more than 280 petrol station car washes across Lahore, ordering them to install, within two months, more efficient mechanised washing facilities with water recycling systems.

Disconnection notices have been sent to another 290 petrol stations as well, said Zahid Aziz, the agency’s managing director who is supervising the campaign.

Under the new policy, car washes should take no more than 100 liters of water per car. Currently, a typical car wash might use twice that much, Muhammad Aslam, a car wash worker, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

Aziz said the changes were aimed at encouraging water conservation in a city where waste is common.

A petition filed by a lawyer and being heard before the Lahore High Court, for instance, seeks to stop the city using 30,500 liters of water each day to wash its streets.

“Fresh underground water is a precious resource, which we can’t allow anyone to misuse,” Aziz told reporters.

“The agency is working on various projects to conserve water as well as to replace underground water with surface water” that will be run through a filtering plant, he said.
‘Reasonable’ action

Ahmad Rafay Alam, a Pakistani environmental lawyer and activist, described the city’s groundwater as “thoroughly exploited, extracted and poisoned” by pollution.

He said the new water agency rules are a reasonable move, aimed at shoring up Lahore’s water security.

“Everywhere in the world, sensible city managers have imposed sensible rules and regulations on the use and disposal of water,” he said.

“What the WASA is asking service stations to do is correct, as it owns the groundwater,” Alam told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

Among new conservation measures being put in place, the agency has asked the city’s parks authority to recycle used ablution water from the city’s mosques to water parks and green strips along city roads.

Currently the parks authority “needlessly uses drinking water for horticulture when it could be responsible and use recycled water from mosques,” Alam said.

He said the new water restrictions and changes were causing an outcry among some car wash owners but were necessary “as they’re shaking up the status quo and challenging our wasteful habits”.

Some water users — such as Azeem — said they can see the days of water waste need to end. “When you get something uninterrupted, you are not cautious about its worth,” she said — just as water began flowing through her dry tap again.